POWER USAGE EFFECTIVENESS. PUE is the Green Grid's facility-efficiency ratio [35]; total facility energy over IT-equipment energy; the theoretical optimum is 1.0, and hyperscale fleets average roughly 1.1–1.2 while the global average sits markedly higher [36]:
$$\mathrm{PUE} = \frac{E_{facility}}{E_{IT}}, \qquad C_{op} = \int P_{IT}(t)\cdot \mathrm{PUE}(t)\cdot \mathrm{CI}(t)\,dt$$
OPERATIONAL CARBON. $C_{op}$ integrates IT draw against time-varying grid carbon intensity $\mathrm{CI}(t)$ (gCO₂eq/kWh); shifting flexible workloads toward low-CI hours and regions, and downshifting requests to smaller model tiers, are the two levers the router exercises: the same levers identified for large-model training and serving footprints [37]. The ROUTING OFFSET figure is the avoided emission rate attributable to tier-downshifted traffic.
Console telemetry is a live simulation for evaluation purposes. All formulas, metric definitions, thresholds, and literature references are production-accurate.
[35] C. Belady, A. Rawson, J. Pfleuger, and T. Cader, "Green Grid Data Center Power Efficiency Metrics: PUE and DCiE," The Green Grid, White Paper #6, 2008. [36] E. Masanet, A. Shehabi, N. Lei, S. Smith, and J. Koomey, "Recalibrating global data center energy-use estimates," Science, vol. 367, no. 6481, pp. 984–986, 2020. [37] D. Patterson et al., "Carbon Emissions and Large Neural Network Training," arXiv:2104.10350, 2021.